SCNE | ESA CSC

System/ Network/ Protocols

Status

Completed
Status date

2022-02-16
Activity Code

3A.082

Objectives

Telecommunication satellite systems are raising in complexity: new LEO constellation projects are under development, targeting not only low speed data collection (Internet of Things) or mobile satellite communications, but also broadband and broadcast services. Mastering technological development and the cost of these constellations and at the same time being able to assess the offered Quality of Service (QoS) is critical to secure the business case of the satellite operator.

The objective of the SCNE project is to develop a simulation tool to be able to study and assess the protocol performances of these upcoming LEO constellations, in particular routing protocols which may affect the end-to-end QoS.

Routing solutions
Transport protocols for broadband data delivery and web access over satellite
Caching mechanisms
Impact of security solutions
Inter-satellite link characteristics, user link characteristics, and the satellite telecommunications payload functionalities at layer-2 and above.

Challenges

As the future telecommunication satellite systems are raising in complexity, more advanced simulation tools are necessitated. But, on the other hand, also the complexity of the simulation tools is increased. From this perspective we have identified a couple of challenges for the simulation tool:

Need to both design & define the LEO satellite constellations and the data communication protocol performance.
Run-time performance of the SCNE simulation tool. Note, that there is always a trade-off between run-time performance and accuracy of modelling, which needs to be carefully considered.
The details of both future LEO constellation systems (satellites, orbits, air interface protocols, etc) are not known, so the simulator needs to be flexibly configurable and extensible for future needs.

Benefits

SCNE enables simulation of complete LEO satellite constellations, as well as joint investigation of physical layer aspects (visibility, BER) and higher layer protocols (air interface, IP routing, TCP/UDP, application). This is enabled by using a decoupled software architecture, where the constellation design is done with a dedicated powerful COTS orbital simulator, and the network simulation is done with an open-source network simulator with configurability as well as the possibility of modifying/implementing new protocols and algorithms. For improved run-time, the network simulator may also be run separately from the orbital simulator.

Features

The main SCNE features can be summarised as:

Capability of designing satellite constellations of interest using powerful STK tool; including e.g., satellite orbits, number of satellites, orbit altitudes, link budget parameters, antenna models.
Capability of studying ISL routing algorithms. Note, that currently a global ideal reference routing algorithm has been implemented.
Capability of studying different transport layer protocols.
Capability of studying mobility management schemes in satellite constellation networks.
Capability of configuring different application scenarios: traffic models and communication pairs.
Capability of addition (design & development) of new air interface and network layer protocols & algorithms for research.

The default demonstration scenario is presented in the figure below. It is 24 hours long and consists of 288 satellites, 10 gateways (GW), and 50 user terminals (UT).

architecture

System Architecture

The SCNE is composed of three main components: COTS orbital simulator (STK), open-source network simulator (ns-3) and the SCNE orchestrator.

Commercial STK license with Professional and Communication modules for the satellite system design and orbital simulation (generation of satellite movement, visibilities, and link budget).
Orchestrator capable of generating the STK scenario configuration files for the network simulator.
Network Simulator (ns-3) for simulating (re-playing) application traffic and related communication protocols on top of the satellite constellation.

The SCNE architecture is presented in the following figure:

architecture

A decoupled architecture was selected:

Create (design) the satellite scenario in STK (using GUI or scripting)
Run SCNE Orchestrator to create the network simulator configuration files.
Configure and run SCNE network simulator using the previously generated traces and config files
Analyse the SCNE network simulator results

Plan

The project is composed of 6 phases: